Explanation Text 1.

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Definition of Explanation Text

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic Structure of Explanation Text

– General statement
General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
– Sequenced of explanation
Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

Purpose of Explanation Text

– Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.
– To explain how or why something happens.

According to Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson (1997: 82) says that the explanation text type is often used to tell how and why thing (phenomena) occur in nature.

In an explanation text, there are linguistic features as below :

– Using simple present tense
– Using abstract noun (no visible noun)
– Using Passive voice
– Using Action verbs
– Containing an explanation of the process.

Examples of Explanation Text

Here are some example of explanation texts. You can not only learn about the text but also enjoy the song. Wanna watch?? Click here to watch the video

Next, the Example of Explanation Text about Natural Phenomenon

How does Rain Happen?

Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable conditions for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation.

The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle involves the sun heating the Earth’s surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The water vapor rises into the Earth’s atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and condenses into liquid droplets. The droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the form of rain or snow.

However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions

Example of Explanation Text about Process of Making Chocolate

How Chocolate is Made

Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the amazing world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating.

Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree’s seeds. They are also known as coco beans.

Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts processing by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavour. So they are often shorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix.

The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are grounded to make it liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter.

All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why they ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter chocolate.

Example of Explanation Text – How a Cancer is Formed

How a Cancer is formed

What is cancer? It is actually a group of more than one hundred separate diseases. Most of us are fear from cancer It is reasonable because next to heart disease, cancer is the second leading cause of death.
Cancer cells come from normal cells because of mutations of DNA. Those mutations can occur spontaneously. The mutations may be also induced by other factors such as: nuclear and electromagnetic radiation, viruses, bacteria and fungi, parasites, heat, chemicals in the air, water and food, mechanical cell-level injury, free radicals, evolution and ageing of DNA, etc. All such factors can produce mutations that may start cancer.

Cancer cells are formed continuously in the organism. It is estimated that there are about 10,000 cancer cells at any given time in a healthy person. Why do some result in macroscopic-level cancers and some do not? First, not all damaged cells can multiply and many of them die quickly. Second, those which potentially divide and form cancer are effectively destroyed by the mechanisms available to the immune system. Therefore cancer develops if the immune system is not working properly or the amount of cells produced is too great for the immune system to eliminate.

Note on the Generic Structure of Explanation Sample.

Every genre has its special purpose or social function. However, if we see the generic structure point, we will get the understanding which both the explanation and procedure text have similar purposes. Both explain how to make or form something. However, the procedure text will explain how to form or make something completely by instruction way. That is why most of procedure text is composed in command sentences. In the other hand, explanation text will show knowledge about how the thing is formed.

The above example of explanation text has the following generic structure:

General statement; it is a statement which says about chocolate and how it is formed

Sequenced explanation; it is a series of explanation on how chocolate is formed before we eat. First, the chocolate is coming from the cacao tree. Then it is fermented and ship to the chocolate producer. The cacao bean then is roasted and winnowed.

Example of Explanation Text – How A Fuel Light Works

How A Fuel Light Works

Many cars, motorcycles and other modern vehicles have fuel warning light devices. the warning light is usually red which switches on automatically when the level of fuel in the tank is very low. The warning light gives the driver information about the amount of petrol in the tank. When the light switches on red, it tells the driver that the petrol in the tank is almost empty. Therefore he have to put more fuel into the tank. However do you know how the fuel warning works?

Well this is the way the fuel warning light work and gives the driver information about the accurate amount of the petrol in the tank. When the level of the fuel falls, the float inside the tank moves downwards. When this condition happens, the arm also moves downwards and it make the lever touch an electrical contact. This switches on the fuel light in the car dashboard.

The red light which appears in the fuel panel of the dashboard tells the driver that he needs more petrol for his car. When he pours more petrol into the tank, this condition makes the fuel level rise and it pushes the float upwards. In return it disconnects to the electrical contact and makes the red light switch off.

Terjemahan

Bagaimana Cara Kerja Lampu Minyak

Banyak mobil, sepeda motor dan kendaraan modern lainnya memiliki lampu peringatan bahan bakar. Lampu peringatan biasanya merah yang menyala secara otomatis bila tingkat bahan bakar di dalam tangki sangat rendah. Lampu peringatan memberi informasi tentang jumlah bensin di tangki. Bila lampu menyala merah, berarti pengemudinya bensin di tangki hampir kosong. Karena itu ia harus memasukkan lebih banyak bahan bakar ke dalam tangki. Namun tahukah anda bagaimana bahan bakar bekerja?

Nah begitulah cara kerja lampu peringatan bahan bakar dan memberi informasi pengemudi tentang jumlah bensin yang akurat di tangki. Bila tingkat bahan bakar turun, pelampung di dalam tangki bergerak ke bawah. Bila kondisi ini terjadi, lengan juga bergerak ke bawah dan itu membuat tuas menyentuh kontak listrik. Ini akan menyalakan lampu bahan bakar di dasbor mobil.

Lampu merah yang muncul di panel bahan bakar di dasbor memberi tahu pengemudi bahwa ia membutuhkan lebih banyak bensin untuk mobilnya. Saat menuangkan bensin lagi ke tangki, kondisi ini membuat tingkat bahan bakar naik dan mendorong float ke atas. Sebagai gantinya diputus ke kontak listrik dan mematikan lampu merah.

Well. that's all that we can learn today.

Now, please write 5 natural phenomena in the comment column

Sumber : 

http://britishcourse.com/explanation-text-definition-generic-structures-purposes-language-features.php

https://youtu.be/7n0gBtg-zLU

https://www.google.com/search?q=explanation+text&safe=strict&sxsrf=ALeKk02MPssRvoKO55jri-Sh5PeT5eu76g:1583555474979&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWuMXsw4foAhUGfH0KHTwTCjoQ_AUoA3oECAwQBQ&biw=911&bih=417#imgrc=o9PxmV7kOWQ0yM