Narrative-Text

A. Pengertian Narrative Text dan contohnya

Narrative Text bukan hal yang baru bagi kita. Sejak SMP kita sudah familiar dengan jenis teks ini. Apa sih definisinya berdasarkan wikipedia?
“A narrative (or story) is any report of connected events, presented in a sequence of written or spoken words, and/or in a sequence of (moving) pictures.”
Atau jika diterjemahkan, maka yang dimaksud dengan Narrative text adalah jenis genre yang rangkaian peristiwa atau ceritanya dari waktu ke waktu dan dijabarkan dengan urutan awal, tengah dan akhir. Jadi harus kronologis, maksudnya kronologis itu diceritakan secara runtut dan tidak boleh loncat-loncat.

B. Tujuan Narrative Text

Tujuan dasar dari text narasi adalah untuk menghibur dan menarik minat pembaca dengan menyajikan cerita atau peristiwa yang memiliki masalah yang menimbulkan konflik dan pada akhir cerita ada resolusinya atau akhir yang bahagia atau bahkan menyedihkan.
Sebenarnya teks narrative tidak hanya terbatas pada cerita yang berbau mistis, fiksi, legenda, dongeng ataupun fabel saja, tapi cerita lain yang berbentuk petualangan, misteri dan semua bentuk cerita. Intinya, narrative text adalah tentang cerita. Tapi dalam pelajaran di sekolah, teks yang bergenre naratif biasanya hanya digunakan untuk menunjukkan cerita fiksi seperti dongeng ataupun legenda saja.
Jika dilihat dari jenisnya, maka narrative text yang sering dimaksudkan oleh bapak ibu guru adalah termasuk kategori Narasi Sugestif, yaitu teks yang tujuannya agar pembaca mendapatkan hikmah dari sebuah cerita.

C. Generic Structure Narrative Text

  1. Orientasi : set adegan dan memperkenalkan para peserta.
  2. Komplikasi : krisis, konflik, atau masalah muncul.
  3. Resolusi : krisis atau masalah tersebut teratasi, untuk lebih baik atau lebih buruk.
  4. Re-Orientasi : Opsional (tidak harus).

D. Ciri-ciri Redaksi Narrative Text

Jika kamu mendapat tugas untuk membuat sebuah tulisan dengan genre narrative text, maka ciri-ciri di bawah ini bisa dijadikan pedoman:
  • Fokus pada satu tokoh atau pelaku dan biasanya individual sehingga biasanya menggunakan kata ganti seperti “I, we, she, he”.
  • Paling sering menggunakan past tense baik itu simple past tense, past continuous, maupun bentuk past tense lainnya.
  • Terkadang menggunakan dialog untuk mengajak pembaca berimajinasi sehingga ceritanya terlihat lebih jelas dan nyata.
  • Karena berurutan (kronologis), maka biasanya juga menggunakan kata sambung (conjunction) agar cerita terlihat runtut atau urut.

E. Jenis-jenis text narrative:

  1. Fable (fabel): Cerita yang menggambarkan tentang binatang.
  2. Legend (legenda): Cerita rakyat yang menggambarkan bagaimana asal usul suatu tempat itu terjadi
  3. Myth (mite): Cerita mitos ini banyak beredar dalam masyarakat dan umumnya diaggap sebagi cerita faktual.
  4. Fairy tales (dongeng): Cerita rakyat yang biasanya disebut sebagai dongeng atau cerita anak-anak yang berisi banyak keajaiaban pada tokoh-tokoh ceritanya dan sering mangandung pesan moral
  5. Folk tale (cerita rakyat): Sebuah cerita yang dituturkan turun temurun sehingga menjadi bagian dari tradisi suatu masyarakat
  6. Love story : kalau cerita cinta ini lebih pada tema ceritanya yang berisi perjuangan untuk mendapatkan cinta bagi tokoh cerita.

F. Contoh Narrative Text dan Penjelasannya

Contoh 1: Cinderella.

Once upon a time, there was a beautiful young girl named Cinderella. He lived with his step mother and two sisters. They were arrogant and bad tempered. They treated Cinderella very badly. Her step mother made Cinderella do the hardest job in the house, such as scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing food for the family. Her step sisters, on the other hand, did not work on the house. Their mother gave them many pretty dresses to wear.
One day, a king invited all girls in his kingdom to attend a ball in his palace. They were excited about this and spent so much time choosing the dresses they would wear. Cinderella could not stop crying after they left.
“Why are you crying, Cinderella?” the voice asked.
She looked up and saw a fairy standing beside her. Then Cinderella told her why she was crying. Well the fairy said, “you’ve been such a cheerful, hardworking, uncomplaining girl that I will see that you go to the ball.” The fairy turned a pumpkin into a coach and mice into a smooth two coach man and footman then tapped Cinderella’s dress with her wand, and it became a beautiful ball gown.
Then he gave her a pair of pretty glass shoes. Now, Cinderella, she said, “you have to leave the ball before midnight”. Then he drove away a wonderful coach. Cinderella had a marvelous time either. She danced again and again with the prince. Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve, she ran toward the door as fast as he could do. In her hurry, one of her glass shoes left behind.
A few days later, the prince declared that he would marry the girl whose feet fitted the glass shoe. Cinderella’s stepsisters tried on it but it was too small for them, no matter how hard they squeezed their toes into it. In the end, the king’s page let Cinderella try the shoe. She stretched his legs and slipped the shoe on the page. It fitted perfectly. Finally, she was ushered into a magnificent palace and height. The prince was glad to see her again. They married and lived happily ever after.

Penjelasan:

  1. Paragraf pertama berisi Orientation, yaitu pengenalan tokoh-tokoh yang ada pada dongeng Cinderella.
  2. Paragraf kedua berisi Complication, yaitu masalah muncul ketika Cinderella tidak boleh pergi ke pesta dansa (ball).
  3. Paragraf ketiga berisi Resolution, yaitu masalah terpecahkan ketika seorang peri menolongnya.
  4. Paragraf terakhir, berisi Re-Orientation, yaitu akhir cerita yang bahagia dimana akhirnya Cinderella menikah dengan pangeran.  (sumber:  https://www.ilmubahasainggris.com/narrative-text/)




Contoh 2: The Necklace





The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant
The short story "The Necklace" by Guy De Maupassant takes place in France several hundred years ago. Mathilde Loisel lives in a flat with her husband, who works as a clerk for the Minister of Education. Their lives are not luxurious, but they are not poor, merely simple. Mathilde, however, longs to be rich. She envies her friend Jeanne who has a large house and lots of jewelry.

One day her husband brings home an invitation to a ball. He thinks his wife will be excited to attend such a fancy party, but instead she is upset. She complains that she has nothing suitable to wear to such an extravagant occasion. Her kind husband agrees to give her the four hundred francs that he had been saving to buy a new rifle to get herself a gown.

The week of the party, Mathilde seems anxious again. When her husband asks her why she frets that she has no jewelry to wear with her dress. He suggests that perhaps she could borrow something from her friend Jeanne Forestier. Mathilde goes to Jeanne's house and picks out a sparkling diamond necklace to borrow

Hasil gambar untuk TESTWell, students. After learning about the narrative text. You will do the following test.